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Rywka Bajla Lipszyc (ʁivka lipʃitz) (September 15, 1929 – 1945?) was a Polish-Jewish teenage girl who wrote a personal diary while in the Łódź Ghetto during the Holocaust in Poland. She survived deportation to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp followed by a transfer to Gross-Rosen and forced labor at its subcamp in ''Christianstadt''. She also survived a death march to Bergen-Belsen, and lived to see her liberation there in April 1945. Too ill to be evacuated, she was transferred to a hospital at Niendorf, where the record of her life ended.〔 Her diary, composed of 112 pages, was written between October 1943 and April 1944 in the Polish language. The diary was translated to English by Malgorzata Markoff and annotated by Ewa Wiatr. It was published for the first time in the United States in early 2014, some 70 years after it was written.〔〔 ==Life== Rywka was the eldest of four children of Jakub (Yankel) Lipszyc and Sara Mariem (Sarah Miriam) ''née'' Zelewer.〔 The family was imprisoned at the Nazi ghetto in Łódź following the German invasion of Poland. Her mother Sarah cared for the children alone after her husband and Rywka's father died on June 2, 1941, following a German beating in the street. Sarah herself died on July 8, 1942, of lung disease and malnutrition.〔JFCS, (Rywka Lipszyc, biography. ) JFCS Holocaust Center, San Francisco〕 Rywka was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in August 1944, along with her sister Cypora and three cousins: Estusia (Esther), Chanusia (Channah), and Minia (Mina).〔 Cypora was gassed upon arrival. Rywka was put to work with the women's commando. Ahead of the Soviet front, she was sent with her three cousins to Gross Rosen and imprisoned at ''Christianstadt'' in Krzystkowice, one of seven subcamps for female prisoners from Poland, Hungary, France, Holland and Belgium digging anti-tank fortifications.〔Geoffrey P. Megargee (2009), (''The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945.'' ) Chapter: "Christianstadt." Indiana University Press, Pages: 700, 722–723.〕 From there, she was evacuated again on a death march to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where she was liberated along with Esther and Mina on April 15, 1945, emaciated and sick.〔 In July 1945, Rywka Lipszyc was transferred from the new Bergen-Belsen emergency hospital for the displaced persons, via the transit camp in Lübeck, to a hospital in Niendorf, Germany, too ill to be evacuated any further.〔 The last document with her name on it found by the International Tracing Service was a DP Registration Record from September 10, 1945. No certificate of Rywka's death has been found, although according to Mina Boier's 1955 testimony (Minia from Rywka's Diary), that is where she died at age 16.〔JFCS, (The Search for Rywka Lipszyc. ) JFCS Holocaust Center, San Francisco〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rywka Lipszyc」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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